麦克阿瑟扬言

麦克阿瑟扬言

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  作者:冯庆华

  整理:CATTI考试资料与资讯

  四字格的运用可使文章增添不少生花之笔。一篇译文恰到好处地用一些四字格,可让人读起来抑扬顿挫,起落跌宕,可以享受到语音上的和谐美感。

  这种通过增强音感给人留下深刻印象的效果,是普通的二字词组、三字词组或五字词组、六字词组所不能做到的。

  在忠实于原文的基础上,发挥译文语言优势,运用四字格是应该加以提倡的。

  例:

  Eisenhower later recalled,when MacArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in “an explosive denunciation of politics,bad manners,bad judgment, broken promise, arrogance, unconstitutionality, insensitivity, and the way the world had gone to hell.”(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)

  艾森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说,只要麦克阿瑟感到有人对他不够尊重,就“发起脾气来,破口大骂人家 好耍权术,不懂礼貌,乱出主意,出尔反尔,狂妄自大,违反宪法,神经迟钝,麻木不仁,如今世道真是见鬼,等等。”

  汉语四字格优秀译例 (仅摘选其中部分例子,原书可见全部):

  1)In the savage fighting, Germany itself was laid waste, the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished, the people decimated.(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)

  德国全境受到了野蛮战争的洗劫,市廛萧条,田野荒芜,生灵涂炭,十室九空。

  2)Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as“ragged, weary, and apathetic,”with“no hope on their faces.”(Ibid.)

  有一位三十四岁的记者,名叫德鲁· 皮尔逊,他描写那些退伍军人,说是“衣衫褴褛,筋疲力尽,神情木然,满脸愁容。”

  4)He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest.(Ibid.)

  他为人聪明大方,生气勃勃,忠厚耿直,谦虚谨慎。

  5)The Presidency has survived hard times and ordinary men before.(Newsweek,Jan. 26,1981)

  总统其职,真是历尽艰难时代,淘汰尽平庸之辈。

  6)I repair to the enchanted house, where there are lights, chattering, music, flowers, officers and the eldest Miss Larkins, a blaze of beauty.(Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)

  我现在朝着那家仙宫神宇走去,那儿灯火辉煌、人语嘈杂、乐音悠扬、花草缤纷、军官纷来,还有拉钦斯大小姐,真是仪态万千。

  11)On this battle rests the fate of our nation. Let every man do his utmost.

  民族存亡在此一战。凡我士兵务必全力奋战。

  12)She is cheerful and adaptable, as well as gentle. 她不光是性情温柔,而且爽朗随和。

  16)He was a voracious reader, spending much of his days and evenings devouring books.(W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream)

  他读起书来废寝忘食,夜以继日。

  17)Lacking shade or screens, the BEF was exposed to the full fury of the season.(Ibid.)“远征军”一无凉棚,二无帘幕,饱尝酷暑之苦。

  18)The capital was a slumbering village in summer, largely forgotten the rest of the year.(Ibid.)夏天,首都沉沉欲睡,恰如村野;至于其他季节,更没有人记得它了。

  19)That crippled the court reform.(Ibid.)最高法院的改造,就此半途而废。

  20)They bluntly told him that their governments intended to break their covenants. In spite of their pledged word, they would not march; either the Czechs would capitulate to the Nazi dictator or they would be left to fight alone.(Ibid.)

  他们直截了当地告诉他,英法两国要弃盟背约了。虽然有约在先,可是现在他们决不出兵,捷克要么向德国独裁者屈膝投降,要么孤军抗战。

  21)Sheer boredom nearly drove Eisenhower to the point of resigning his commission.(Ibid.)

  由于闷极无聊,艾森豪威尔几乎想解甲归田。

  29)I don't know where the diploma is now.(John Cheever: The Season of Divorce)

  文凭现在下落何方我也不得而知。

  30)The picture of the well-dressed, pink-cheeked doctor losing his heart to Ethel in this environment was hard to take seriously.(Ibid.)

  这种环境总不会叫人相信,这位衣冠楚楚、脸色红润的医生,竟会被埃蒂尔勾魂摄魄吧。

  34)She worked for a vulgar and badly educated family.(Ibid.)

  她给一个品格低下、缺乏教养的家庭帮工。

  36)The trees at that season were very colorful —she had never seen this before.(Ibid.)

  这时节的树木却多姿多彩,这是她见所未见的。

  37)She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.(Ibid.)

  她白天总是匆匆忙忙,晚上就疲惫不堪。

  41)Even the most beautiful fell quickly under the darkness of time, like flowers without care.(Ibid.)

  最美的娇娃,因为不堪时艰,很快便姿容消褪,就像无人护理的花朵一般。

  45)Men and women hurried by in long, shifting lines.(Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie)

  男男女女,熙熙攘攘,络绎不绝。

  46)Before you came I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.(Ibid.)

  你来之前,我一无所事,只是游手好闲,逢场作戏而已。

  我们可以经常做这样的练习,把自己随意看到或想到的一些英语单词和词组设法翻译成汉语四字格。大量的练习可以使我们熟能生巧,使我们在以后的翻译实践中对四字格的运用能做到得心应手。

  我们不妨用四字格来口译以下的英语单词和词组:

  1)pregnant 有孕在身;身怀六甲(× 珠胎暗结)

  2)sweet 娇柔妩媚;温婉可人;楚楚动人

  3)slumbering 沉沉欲睡

  4)bluntly 直截了当;直言不讳;开门见山

  5)capitulate 屈膝投降;缴械投降

  6)base(adj.) 卑鄙无耻

  7)hurriedly 匆匆忙忙;心急火燎;风风火火

  8)someday 有朝一日;总有一天(× 猴年马月)

  9)dreary 枯燥无味;精疲力竭

  10)repulsive 令人反感;令人作呕

  11)bargain 讨 价还价;斤斤计较

  12)mischievous 调皮捣蛋

  13)cynical 玩世不恭;愤世嫉俗;冷嘲热讽

  14)careless 粗心大意;马马虎虎

  15)platitude 老生常谈;陈词滥调

  16)senile 老态龙钟(× 人老珠黄)

  17)appropriate 恰如其分;恰到好处

  18)boundless 漫无边际;无边无际

  19)listless 没精打采;无精打采

  20)furious 怒气冲天;怒不可遏

  21)have never met 素不相识;素未谋面;未曾谋面

麦克阿瑟扬言

  22)extend in all directions 四通八达

  23)talk and laugh cheerfully 谈笑风生;欢声笑语(× 有说有笑)

  24)a world of difference 天壤之别;截然不同;天差地别25)take a risk in desperation 铤而走险;孤注一掷

  26)disciples and followers 徒子徒孙;门生弟子

  27)decline with all sorts of excuses 推三阻四;百般推辞(× 婉言谢绝)

  28)await with great anxiety 望穿秋水;望眼欲穿;翘首以待

  29)remarkably true to life 惟妙惟肖;栩栩如生

  30)be shamed into anger 恼羞成怒;老羞成怒

  31)hate to see sb go 恋恋不舍;依依不舍;难舍难分

  32)again and again 屡次三番

  33)try to look happy when actually sad 强颜欢笑

  34)as if awakening from a dream 如梦初醒

  35)walk off with sth 顺手牵羊

  36)get instant results 立竿见影

  37)achieve what one wishes 如愿以偿

麦克阿瑟扬言

  38)broad daylight 光天化日

  39)take on an entirely new look 焕然一新

  40)face danger fearlessly 临危不惧

  翻译中的四字格运用要从多方面加以注意。

  原文语言正规、行文流畅,尤其是在使用对偶、排比和平行结构等情况下,我们可用四字格来传达原文的语言效果。

  原文中像赠言、题词、感想、简洁的歌词和诗句等语言形式,可以采用符合汉语特点的四字格加以表达。在译文中运用四字格时,我们还必须充分考虑到感情色彩、语言特征、人物塑造等方面的问题。

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